EL CULTIVO DE LA PIMIENTA.

1.- generalidades.

2.- clasificación y descripción botánica.

3.- variedades.

4.- propagación.

5.- cultivo.

    5.1.- clima y suelos.

    5.2.- plantación.

    5.3.- tutores y soportes.

    5.4.- preparación del terreno.

    5.5.- siembra.

    5.6.- manejo de la plantación.

        5.6.1.- fertilización.

        5.6.2.- combate de las malezas.

        5.6.3.- poda.

        5.6.4.- plagas y enfermedades.

6.- cosecha.

7.- BIBLIOGRAFÍA

7.- BIBLIOGRAFÍA

(1) Aspectos Técnicos de 45 cultivos Agrícolas de Costa Rica, MAG (1991).
(2) Alconero, R; Alburquerque, F; Almeida, N; Santiago, AG (1972). Phytophthora (palmivora) foot rot of black pepper in Brazil and Puerto Rico. (Piper nigrum). Phytopathology, Jan 1972, 62(1): 144-148.
(3) Ando, A; Menten, JOM; Alburquerque, FC, de; Hirakata, K (1980). Induction of mutants resistant to Fusarium in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Brazil. Relat Cient Esc Super Agric Luiz Queiroz Dep Inst Genet. Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, A Escola. 1980. (14) p. 1-4.
(4) Concon, Jose M; Newburg, David S; Swerczek, Thomas W (1979). Black pepper (Piper nigrum): Evidence of carcinogenicity. Nutr Cancer. Philadelphia, Franklin Institute Press. Spring 1979. v. 1(3) p. 22-26. ill., charts.
(5) Dubey, -O-P; Pillai, GB; Bambiar, PKV (1976). Record of Pterolophia annulata Chevr and Diboma procera Pasc (Lamiinae; Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) as new pests of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) from India. Curr-Sci, Sept 20, 1976, 45 (18): 670-671.
(6) Ferraz, ECA; Sharma, RD (1981). Interaction and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incógnita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, and Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Eliveira, 1940, in black pepper (Piper nigrum, yields, Brazil). Rev Latinoam Cienc Agric. Caracas, Venezuela: Asociacion Latinoamericana de Ciencias Agricolas. 1981 (pub. 1982). V. 16(1) p. 25-33.
(7) Joseph, B; Joseph, D; Philip, VJ (1996). Plant regeneration from somatic embryos in black pepper. Plant Cell Tissue & Organ Culture. 47(1): 87-90.
(8) Lockhart, BEL; Kiratiyaangul, K; Jones, P; Eng, L; Desilva, P; Olszewski, NE; Lockhart, N; Deema, N; Sangalang, J (1997). Identification of piper yellow mottle virus, a mealybug - transmitted badnavirus infecting piper spp. in Southeast Asia. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 103 (4): 303-311.
(9) Lockhart, BEL; Kiratiya Angul, K; Jones, P; Eng, L; Silva, PD; Olszewski, NE; Lockhart, N; Deema, N; Sangalang, J (1997). Identification of Piper yellow mottle virus, a mealybug transmitted badnavirus infecting Piper spp. in Southeast Asia. Eur j plant pathol. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, c1994. May 1997. v. 103(4) p. 303-311.
(10) Lopes, EB; Mata, JF, da; Melo, SAP, de (1978). Etiology of root and stem rot Fusarium solani f piperi of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its occurrence in Paraiba State, Brazil. Pesqui Agropecu Bras. 0100-204X. Brasilia, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria. 1978. v. 13(1) p. 19-20.
(11) Mammootty, KP; Cheeran, A; Peethambaran, CK (1980). Rhizoctonia stem rot of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) rooted cuttings. Indian Cocoa Arecanut Spices J. Calicut, Directorate of Arecanut & Spices Development. Oct/Dec 1980. v. 4(2) p. 31. ill.
(12) Martins, AP; Salgueiro, L; Vila, R; Tomi, F; Canigueral, S; Casanova, J; Proenca da Cunha, A; Adzet, T. Essential Oliz from four Piper species. Phytochemistry Oxford. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. Dec 1998. v. 49(7) p. 2019-2023.
(13) Mathew, J; Cherian, MT; Abraham, K (1978). Piper nigrum L., a new host of Xanthomonas betlicola Patel et al. Curr Sci. Bangalore, Current Science Association Dec 20, 1978. v. 47(24) p. 956-957. ill.
(14) Mathew, J; Abraham, K; Wilson, KI (1980). In vitro effect of certain antibiotic formulations against Xanthomonas betelicola causing leaf spot of pepper. Placrosym II: entomology, microbiology, nematology, plant pathology and rodentology of plantation crops/editor in chief, C.S. Venkata Ram. Kerala, India: Indian Society for Plantation Crops, 1980. p. 401-402.
(15) Meyer, HJ; Vanstaden, J; Allen, S (1992). The use of antibiotics to control systemic bacteria in invitro cultures of piper nigrum cv kuching. South African Journal of Botany - suid - Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Plantkunde. 58 (6): 500-504.
(16) Monadas, C; Ramana, KV (1982). Trophotylenchulus floridensis Raski, a new endoparasite of Piper nigrum L from Kerala India, black peppers. J Plant Crops. Kasaragod: Indian Society for Plantation Crops. June 1982. v. 10(1) p. 53-54.
(17) Nambiar, KKN; Sarma, YR (1976). Quick wilt (foot rot) disease (Phytophthora palmivora) of pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Arecanut-Spices-Bull, Apr/June 1976, 7(4): 89-91.
(18) Nakatani, N (1992). Natural antioxidants from spices. ACS symp ser. Washington, DC.: American Chemical Society, 1974. 1992. (507) p. 72-86.
(19) Oliveira, DP; Pereira, JL (1983). Relative pathological importance of fusarium and phytophthora in the cultivation of black pepper in Bahia, Brazil (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, Phytophthora capsici, Piper nigrum). Rev-Theobroma. Ilheus, Brazil: Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau. July/Sept 1983. v. 13(3) p. 175-181.
(20) Tiong Kheng, K; Othman, F; Ching Ping, C. A study of black berry disease control in black pepper Piper nigrum, Cephaleuros virescens, Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum piperis, Malaysia. Malays Agric J. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture. 1981. v. 53(1) p. 20-28. ill.
(21) Turner, GJ (1973). Pathogenic variation in isolates of Phytophthora palmivora from Piper nigrum. Brit-mycol-soc-trans, June 1973, 60(3): 583-585.

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